| Recurso | Frase neutra | Frase enfática |
|---|---|---|
| it-cleft | The regulator approved the merger. | It was the regulator that approved the merger. |
| what-cleft | The concentration of ownership worries me. | What worries me is the concentration of ownership. |
| fronting | We never received an explanation for that. | For that we never received an explanation. |
| negative inversion | The committee has rarely been so divided. | Rarely has the committee been so divided. |
| not only … but also | The plan is expensive and it will not work. | Not only is the plan expensive, but it will not work. |
| only after + inversion | They published the figures after the hearing. | Only after the hearing did they publish the figures. |
1. Escuche la pista entera e identifique qué recurso de énfasis se usa en cada frase.
- Frase 1 (it-cleft · what-cleft · negative inversion)
- Frase 2 (it-cleft · what-cleft · negative inversion)
- Frase 3 (it-cleft · what-cleft · negative inversion)
- Frase 4 (it-cleft · what-cleft · negative inversion)
- Frase 5 (it-cleft · what-cleft · negative inversion)
Ver soluciones
- what-cleft
- negative inversion
- it-cleft
- negative inversion
- negative inversion
2. Reescriba cada frase destacando la parte indicada entre paréntesis, con el recurso que se pide.
- The regulator approved the merger. (destaque «the regulator», hendida con it)
- The lack of investment annoys me most. (hendida con what)
- inversión The committee has seldom been so divided.
- inversión We will not disclose the name under any circumstances.
- inversión They published the figures only after the hearing.
- The scheme is costly and it is also unfair. (not only … but also)
Ver soluciones
- It was the regulator that approved the merger.
- What annoys me most is the lack of investment.
- Seldom has the committee been so divided.
- Under no circumstances will we disclose the name.
- Only after the hearing did they publish the figures.
- Not only is the scheme costly, but it is also unfair.
3. Una las dos frases en una sola, con una relativa de preposición antepuesta y el cuantificador que corresponda.
- The panel had eleven members. Almost none of them had technical training.
- The report contains four annexes. Nobody reads most of them.
- This is the clause. We objected to it in March.
- The appeal may be rejected. Then we will go to court.
- Nobody has measured something. How far has the price cap protected consumers?
- The fund has three hundred investors. None of them were consulted.
Ver soluciones
- The panel had eleven members, few of whom had any technical training.
- The report contains four annexes, most of which nobody reads.
- This is the clause to which we objected in March.
- The appeal may be rejected, in which case we will go to court.
- Nobody has measured the extent to which the price cap has protected consumers.
- The fund has three hundred investors, none of whom were consulted.
4. Comparecencia en voz alta. Usted defiende ante una comisión que la red eléctrica necesita inversión pública. Grábese y escúchese: se evalúa el registro, no la opinión.
- Open with a heavy noun phrase said as a single block
- State the core problem with a what-cleft
- Give a figure with a formal quantifier
- Describe the sector with two compound adjectives
- Close with a negative inversion
Ver soluciones
- Su propia respuesta. Se espera algo del tipo «The long-standing dispute over the ownership of the grid…», dicho con una sola cima y sin acentuar cada palabra.
- Su propia respuesta. Se espera «What concerns this committee is…», que instala el tema antes de decirlo y da tiempo al oyente.
- Su propia respuesta. Se esperan «the vast majority of», «a significant proportion of» o «no fewer than», nunca «a lot of», que baja el registro de golpe.
- Su propia respuesta. Se esperan compuestos con guion delante del sustantivo, del tipo «an energy-intensive, state-owned sector».
- Su propia respuesta. Se espera el orden de pregunta después del adverbio: «Under no circumstances should this decision be delayed», jamás «Under no circumstances this decision should…».
5. Escriba el resumen ejecutivo del informe del diálogo, entre 150 y 180 palabras. Es la única parte que leerán los ministros, así que cada recurso tiene que ganarse el sitio.
- First sentence: state the finding, with no emphasis device at all
- Second sentence: quantify with a formal quantifier and a relative clause
- Third sentence: use one compound adjective before its noun
- Fourth sentence: place the key objection in a cleft
- Last sentence: recommend action with a negative inversion
Ver soluciones
- Una frase llana. Empezar con un recurso de énfasis quema la munición: el contraste solo funciona si antes hubo neutralidad.
- Se espera algo como «…three suppliers, between which there is scarcely any competition», que junta cuantificador y relativa culta en una sola frase.
- Con guion y delante del sustantivo. El compuesto ahorra una relativa entera, y eso es lo que se evalúa.
- Hendida con «it» o con «what». Aquí es donde el lector apresurado tiene que tropezar.
- Se espera «Under no circumstances should…» o «Not only must the grid be upgraded, but…», con el orden invertido correcto.